How easily could Syrian Rebels have made Sarin – “It’s A Cinch”

Buying chemical weapons material through the mail is quick and easy

Better Killing through Chemistry
By George Musser – Scientific American – 5 November, 2001

I was reading up on nuclear proliferation when our editorial assistant came by my office. “You’ve got a package downstairs,” he said. I took the elevator to the lobby of our building, scribbled my signature on the invoice and carried my box upstairs. I then had all the material I needed to make sarin nerve gas.

“IT’S A CINCH” to obtain off-the-shelf chemicals needed to make sarin nerve gas, as Scientific American editor George Musser found out.

Experts have been arguing for years over how realistic chemical terrorism is. Some believe it is just too hard to make and disperse deadly gases; others think we shouldn’t underestimate terrorists¿ ability and recklessness. But everyone agrees that we shouldn’t make it easy for them, which is why our experience is so sobering. The tightened security and heightened awareness following September 11 wasn’t enough to stop Scientific American, just a few blocks away from Grand Central station and one floor below American Media Group (whose Palm Beach, Fla., office had just received anthrax), from acquiring the precursors of one of the world’s most notorious chemical weapons.

It all started when James M. Tour, a well-known organic chemist at Rice University and sometime Scientific American author, began to ring the alarm bells about chemical terrorism. While serving on a U.S. Defense Department panel to study the possibility, Tour concluded that nothing stood in the way of someone trying to acquire the ingredients of a chemical weapon. In an essay last year in Chemical & Engineering News he argued for restricting the purchase of key chemicals. “They¿re too easily available,” Tour told me. “There are no checks and balances.”

Unfortunately, his essay seemed to fall into the same wastebaskets as previous such warnings. One defense analyst assured Tour that the feds already monitored “every teaspoonful” of potential weapons material.

So Tour decided to do a little test. He filled out an order form for all the chemicals needed to make sarin¿the nerve agent used by the Japanese cult Aum Shinrikyo in its 1994 and 1995 attacks¿and two of its relatives, soman and GF. His secretary then placed the order with Sigma-Aldrich, one of the nation¿s most reputable chemical suppliers. If any order should have rung the alarm bells, this one should have.

Instead Tour got a big box the next day by overnight mail. By following one of the well-known recipes for sarin-mixing, dimethyl methylphosphonate, phosphorus trichloride, sodium fluoride and alcohol in the right amounts and sequence he could have made 280 grams of the stuff or a comparable amount of soman or GF. (That¿s more than 100 teaspoonfuls.) All this for $130.20 plus shipping and handling.

(Incidentally, some people have asked whether it is foolish to list the ingredients here. The short answer is no. For a longer answer, click here. We aren’t telling terrorists anything they wouldn’t already know. We are, however, telling the rest of us what we need to know if we are to prevent terrorists from acquiring these materials.)

Nor would delivering the agent be rocket science. To avoid handling poisons, terrorists could build a binary weapon, which performs the chemical reaction in situ. An off-the-shelf pesticide sprayer could then blow the miasma into a building ventilation system. Depending on how well the sprayer worked and how crowded the building was, 280 grams of sarin could kill between a few hundred and tens of thousands of people. The Aum attack on the Tokyo subway involved about 5,000 grams and left 12 people dead, but the cult didn’t use a sprayer. …source